Evidence of Primary Water
Non-conventional water resources do exist
Why the Primary Water Theory is more than a theory
Both recent scientific research studies and many existing primary water wells in the world suggest that the current scientific consensus is wrong. Primary water does exist, and it can be accessed for solving of one of the biggest problems of humankind – the increasing scarcity of water.
There are two hypotheses argued by mainstream geologists and hydrologists:
1. All water resources are part of the atmospheric water cycle. There is no water deep in the earth.
2. When celestial bodies were formed, there was no water involved. Water was brought to Planet Earth later through comets and asteroids.
Most recent contributions from various scientific disciplines have disproved these hypotheses:
Overview:

- The superdeep boreholes in Germany (German Continental Deep Drilling Programme 1989; 9 km depth) and Northern Russia (Kola Superdeep Borehole1985; 12 km depth) revealed that there are unexpectedly large volumes of water in fractured rocks in more than 7 km depth.
- Black smokers under the Atlantic Ocean: Vents of supercritical water first discovered in nature (2006)
- Computer simulation of reactions in Earth’s upper mantle between liquid hydrogen and quartz (2017): Scientists from Japan and Canada have found evidence of several oceans’ worth of water locked up in rock, questioning the assumption that water arrived from space after Earth’s formation.
- Ringwoodite minerals first found on Earth: This polymorphous mineral is formed at high temperatures and pressures of the Earth’s mantle between 525 and 660 km (326 and 410 mi) depth. This suggests that there is from one to three times the world ocean’s equivalent of water in the mantle transition zone.
- Eruptions of volcanoes on Earth: Water vapor is the most common constituent in all samples of volcanic gases (i.e., Mount St. Helens 91%, Merapi 88%, Surtsey 81%). Therefore, magma must contain large quantities of water.

- NASA’s Voyager and Cassini missions revealed that some of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s moons contain plenty of water and sub-surface oceans, including Enceladus, Titan, Mimas, Europa, Callisto and Ganymede. The image shows water-rich plumes venting from the south polar region of Enceladus, caused by cryovolcanism.
- Planet Mars and the Earth’s Moon also have water.
- Evidence of plenty of water in deep space: Water, mostly in form of ice, is ubiquitous.
- Around a black hole 12 billion light years away alone, the water vapor cloud is enough to supply 28 galaxies with water. According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, it is another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times.
Where do these waters come from?

Oases in deserts

Springs on high mountains

Hot springs

Water in mining shafts
Some examples of primary water wells
Cottonwood, Idaho:
Stephan Riess located three wells for the city of Cottonwood which were producing 250, 500 and 550 gallons per minute, respectively. All three wells continue to supply the city of Cottonwood today. Although they are located close to each other, each well’s water has a distinct chemistry suggesting that they are supplied by different deep fractured rock systems.
Water intrusions in mining shafts: Eureka Mine, Nevada, with 40 million liters per day, and Tombstone Mine, Arizona.
California City in the Mojave desert could only be developed after Stephan Riess has located and drilled a primary water well on the top of a granite hill which is now in the center of the city. It yields large amounts of water, uninterrupted since the Fifties of the last century.
Mt. Whitney, California: Continuous water flow from a spring at an altitude of 13,000 ft. Mt. Whitney (14,505 feet; 4,421 m) is the tallest mountain in California, as well as the highest summit in the contiguous United States and the Sierra Nevada.
(Image by Zeimusu; Wikimedia Commons, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 1.0 Generic license)
New York City: In 1956, a new water source was discovered in 3 meters depth with a yield of 12 million liters per day. Temperature and cleanliness suggested that this water source was not connected to any surrounding water body.
Eilat: In 1958, Israel’s Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion asked Stephan Riess to find primary water to supply a new city, and port on the Red Sea, under construction. In May 29, 1959, the Jerusalem Post announced that the Riess-located wells were sufficient to supply a city of more than 100,000 people, enough to supply the city of Eilat, and outlying villages.
According to a report published by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, “the main source is similar to a sub-surface river of a breadth of several meters which exits to the upside of a calcareous formation of the hill”.
Image: U.S. Air Force (public domain)